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In rectangular waveguides, rectangular mode numbers are designated by two suffix numbers attached to the mode type, such as TE mn or TM mn, where m is the number of half-wave patterns across the width of the waveguide and n is the number of half-wave patterns across the height of the waveguide. In an optical fiber or other dielectric waveguide, modes are generally of the hybrid type. This is mostly an accurate assumption, but a major exception is microstrip which has a significant longitudinal component to the propagated wave due to the inhomogeneity at the boundary of the dielectric substrate below the conductor and the air above it. The TEM mode is also usually assumed for most other electrical conductor line formats as well.

In coaxial cable energy is normally transported in the fundamental TEM mode. Hollow metallic waveguides filled with a homogeneous, isotropic material (usually air) support TE and TM modes but not the TEM mode. See also Planar transmission line В§В Modes. Hybrid modes Non-zero electric and magnetic fields in the direction of propagation. These are sometimes called E modes because there is only an electric field along the direction of propagation. Transverse magnetic (TM) modes No magnetic field in the direction of propagation.

These are sometimes called H modes because there is only a magnetic field along the direction of propagation ( H is the conventional symbol for magnetic field). Transverse electric (TE) modes No electric field in the direction of propagation. Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes Neither electric nor magnetic field in the direction of propagation. Modes in waveguides can be classified as follows: When two or more modes have an identical propagation constant along the waveguide, then there is more than one modal decomposition possible in order to describe a wave with that propagation constant (for instance, a non-central Gaussian laser mode can be equivalently described as a superposition of Hermite-Gaussian modes or Laguerre-Gaussian modes which are described below).ДЇield patterns of some commonly used waveguide modes These modes generally follow different propagation constants. However in any sort of waveguide where boundary conditions are imposed by a physical structure, a wave of a particular frequency can be described in terms of a transverse mode (or superposition of such modes).

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Unguided electromagnetic waves in free space, or in a bulk isotropic dielectric, can be described as a superposition of plane waves these can be described as TEM modes as defined below. The allowed modes can be found by solving Maxwell's equations for the boundary conditions of a given waveguide. For this reason, the modes supported by a waveguide are quantized. For example, a radio wave in a hollow metal waveguide must have zero tangential electric field amplitude at the walls of the waveguide, so the transverse pattern of the electric field of waves is restricted to those that fit between the walls. Transverse modes occur because of boundary conditions imposed on the wave by the waveguide. Transverse modes occur in radio waves and microwaves confined to a waveguide, and also in light waves in an optical fiber and in a laser's optical resonator. JSTOR ( November 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ДЄ transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of the radiation in the plane perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the radiation's propagation direction.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.

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